This perception grew after Árbenz had been elected and formally legalized the communist Guatemalan Party of Labour. The Guatemalan Revolution was disliked by the United States federal government, which was predisposed during the Cold War to see it as communist. Arévalo was succeeded in 1951 by Árbenz, who instituted land reforms which granted property to landless peasants. He introduced a minimum wage and near-universal suffrage, and turned Guatemala into a democracy. Juan José Arévalo was elected president in Guatemala's first democratic election. The Guatemalan Revolution began in 1944, after a popular uprising toppled the military dictatorship of Jorge Ubico. ![]() ![]() It installed the military dictatorship of Carlos Castillo Armas, the first in a series of U.S.-backed authoritarian rulers in Guatemala. ![]() It deposed the democratically elected Guatemalan President Jacobo Árbenz and ended the Guatemalan Revolution of 1944–1954. The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état ( Golpe de Estado en Guatemala de 1954) was the result of a CIA covert operation code-named PBSuccess.
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